Composition of matter and process

ABSTRACT

Novel antibiotic U-64,864 producible in a fermentation under controlled conditions using a biologically pure culture of the microorganism Streptomyces braegensis Dietz sp.n., NRRL 12567. This antibiotic is active against various Gram-positive bacteria, for example, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Thus, antibiotic U-64,864 can be used in various environments to eradicate or control such bacteria.

DESCRIPTION BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Antibiotic U-64,846 is producible in a fermentation under controlled conditions using a biologically pure culture of the new microorganism Streptomyces braegensis Dietz sp.n., NRRL 12567.

Antibiotic U-64,846 is an acidic compound which is active against various Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, antibiotic U-64,846 can be used to disinfect washed and stacked food utensils contaminated with S. aureus. It can also be used as a disinfectant on various dental and medical equipment contaminated with S. aureus. Still further, antibiotic U-64,846 can be used as a bacteriostatic rinse for laundered clothes, and for impregnating papers and fabrics; and it is also useful for suppressing the growth of sensitive organisms in plate assays and other microbiological media.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Chemical and Physical Properties of Antibiotic U-64,846:

Molecular Weight: 486 (mass spectrometry)

Molecular Formula: C₁₈ H₃₅ ClN₄ O₉

Color of Purse Solid: White

Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum:

The UV spectrum of antibiotic U-64,846 is shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. At 0.1 mg/ml in 1:1 methanol:water the spectra are as follows:

Neutral: λmax=290+225 sh

Base: λmax=302+235

Acid: λmax=295

Elemental Composition: C, 46.55; H, 5.95; N, 10.22; Cl, 6.60.

Melting Point: >350°

Infrared Absorption Spectrum:

Antibiotic U-64,846 has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum when pressed into a KBr pellet as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings. Peaks are observed at the following wavelengths.

    ______________________________________                                         Band                      Band                                                 Freq..sup.1                                                                            Inten..sup.2                                                                           Type.sup.3                                                                               Freq. Inten.  Type                                   ______________________________________                                         3391.2  6       BRD       1235.5                                                                               28      BRD                                    3283.2  7       BRD       1209.5                                                                               28      BRD                                    2961.0  16      BRD       1157.4                                                                               31      BRD                                    2938.9  15      BRD       1129.4                                                                               32      BRD                                    2880.0  21      SH        1056.1                                                                               23      AVG                                    2668.8  42      SH        1033.0                                                                               31      SH                                     2105.5  70      BRD       956.8 50      SH                                     1649.3  3       BRD       906.6 50      BRD                                    1580.8  6       BRD       837.2 42      AVG                                    1459.3  19      BRD       779.3 38      SH                                     1422.6  17      BRD       734.9 34      BRD                                    1384.0  9       AVG       679.9 30      BRD                                    1321.3  19      AVG       622.1 27      AVG                                    1281.8  26      BRD                                                            ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Wave numbers (cm.sup.-1)                                                .sup.2 Percent transmittance (% T);                                            .sup.3 SH = shoulder                                                           AVG = average                                                                  BRD = broad                                                                    SHP = sharp Intensity at 4000 cm.sup.-1 is 73% T.                        

¹³ C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrum:

The ¹³ C-NMR spectrum of antibiotic U-64,846 is shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings. The ¹³ C-NMR spectrum was observed on a Varian CFT-80 Spectrometer on a solution (ca. 0.5 ml., ca. 200 mg/ml) of the sample of the antibiotic in deuterium oxide (D₂ O). The spectrum was calibrated against external tetramethylsilane and frequencies were recorded in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane.

Proton Magentic Resonance (¹ H-NMR) Spectrum:

The ¹ H-NMR spectrum of antibiotic U-64,846 at 100 MHZ is shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings. The ¹ H-NMR spectrum was observed on a Varian XL-100-15 Spectrometer on a solution (ca. 0.5 ml., ca. 150 mg/ml) of the sample of the antibiotic in deuterium oxide (D₂ O). The spectrum was calibrated against external tetramethylsilane and frequencies were recorded in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane.

Solubilities:

Antibiotic U-64,846 is highly soluble in water and water miscible solvents.

Antimicrobial Spectrum of Antibiotic U-64,846:

Antibiotic U-64,846 is active against various Gram-positive bacteria as shown in the following tables.

Assay:

The antibacterial assay is a standard agar dilution assay. The MIC is determined by standard methods using two-fold dilutions of the antibiotic in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (Difco Lab., Detroit, Michigan). One hundred μl of these dilutions are applied to 1/2 inch filter paper discs and spotted on agar plates seeded with the test organisms. The plates are incubated overnight at 37° C. and then read. The lowest concentration still yielding a distinct zone of inhibition is considered the MIC for that test organism.

    ______________________________________                                                           Minimum Inhibitory                                           Microorganism     Concentration (mcg/ml)                                       ______________________________________                                         Staphyloccus aureus UC 76                                                                        1000                                                         Staphylococcus aureus UC 6685                                                                    500                                                          Streptococcus pyogenes UC 152                                                                    31.2                                                         Streptococcus pneumoniae UC 41                                                                   31.2                                                         Streptococcus faecalis UC 694                                                                    >1000                                                        Escherichia coli UC 45                                                                           >1000                                                        Klebsiella pneumoniae UC 58                                                                      >1000                                                        Salmonella schottmuelleri UC 126                                                                 >1000                                                        Pseudomonas aeruginosa UC 95                                                                     >1000                                                        ______________________________________                                    

"UC" is a registered trademark of The Upjohn Company Culture Collection. These cultures can be obtained from The Upjohn Company in Kalamazoo, Michigan, upon request.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1-Infrared absorption spectrum of antibiotic U-64,846.

FIG. 2-UV spectrum of antibiotic U-64,846.

FIG. 3-¹³ C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrum of antibiotic U-64,846.

FIG. 4-Proton Magnetic Resonance (¹ H-NMR) spectrum of antibiotic U-64,846.

FIG. A-Scanning electron micrograph of spores and spore structures of Streptomyces braegensis, Dietz sp. nov., NRRL 12567.

THE MICROORGANISM

The microorganism used for the production of antibiotic U-64,846 is a biologically pure culture of Streptomyces braegensis, Dietz sp.n., NRRL 12567.

A subculture of this microorganism can be obtained from the permanent collection of the Northern Regional Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, U.S.A. A viable subculture was deposited on Nov. 2, 1981. Its accession number in this depository is NRRL 12567. It should be understood that the availability of the culture does not constitute a license to practice the invention in derogation of patent rights granted with the subject instrument by governmental action.

The microorganism of this invention was studied and characterized by Alma Dietz of The Upjohn Research Laboratories.

Streptomyces braegensis, Dietz sp. nov., NRRL 12567.

Color Characteristics: Aerial mycelium predominantly gray. Melanin-negative. The color pattern on Ektachrome is given in Table 1. Reference color characteristics are given in Table 2. The culture may be placed in the Gray (GY) color series of Tresner and Backus [Tresner, H. D., and E. J. Backus. 1963. System of color wheels for streptomycete taxonomy. Appl. Microbiol. 11:335-338].

Microscopic Characteristics: Tight spiral spore chains are observed by phase-contrast microscopy. Many of the chains appear to be in hygroscopic masses. The masses show a unique brain-like appearance by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The spores in the masses look like red blood cells. Other spores have a hat-shaped appearance. All are smooth-surfaced and measure 1.0×0.6 μm. There is some indication of development of rectangulr smooth-surfaced spores in the substrate mycelium. Fourteen-day cover glass preparations were used for the microscopic examinations.

Growth on Carbon Compounds: See Table 3.

Whole Cell Analysis: L-diaminopimelic acid was detected.

Culture Characteristics--General: See Table 4.

Temperature: The culture grew at 18°-37° C. on Bennett's, Czapek's sucrose, and maltose-tryptone agars. Optimum growth was at 24°-28° C.

Antibiotic U-64,864 is produced.

Source: Soil sample from Belize.

Type Strain: Streptomyces braegensis sp. nov., NRRL 12567.

S. braegensis, NRRL 12567 appeared most similar on Ektachrome (Table 1) to Streptomyces vinaceus-drappus, (NRRL 2363) which is described in Shirling and Gottlieb [Shirling, E. B. and D. Gottlieb. 1969. Cooperative description of type cultures of Streptomyces IV. Species descriptions from second, third and fourth studies. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 19:391-512] and Bergey's Manual 8th ed. [Pridham, T. G., and H. D. Tresner. 1974. Part 17. Actinomycetes and related organisms. Family VII. Streptomycetaceae Waksman and Henrici 1943. Genus I. Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943. Table 17.44f of the Gray series. Pages 814, 817, 818 in Buchanan and Gibbons, eds., Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore] and cited in Skerman et al [Skerman, V.B.D., V. McGowan, and P.H.A. Sneath. 1980. Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:225-420]. Both cultures have spiral chains of smooth surfaced spores. The new culture has tightly coiled chains; S. vinaceus-drappus has long chains which are loosely coiled. Many of the spore chains of Streptomyces braegensis, NRRL 12567 appear to be in hygroscopic masses when observed with the phase-contrast microscope. The masses have a unique brain-like appearance when observed with the scanning electron microscope (see FIG. A). The uniqueness of the cells is detailed in the section "Microscopic Characteristics." Both cultures are melanin-negative. Streptomyces braegensis, NRRL 12567 belongs to the Gray (GY) series of Tresner and Backus [Tresner, H. D., and E. J. Backus. 1963. System of color wheels for streptomycete taxonomy. Appl. Microbiol. 11:335-338.]; S. vinoceus-drappus belongs to the Red (R) series. The cultures are further differentiated by their Reference Color Characteristics (Table 2); Growth on Carbon Compounds in the Synthetic Medium of Shirling and Gottlieb (Table 3) and General Cultural Characteristics (Table 4). Streptomyces braegensis, NRRL 12567 does not grow at 45° C.; S. vinaceus-drappus grows well at 45° C. The characteristics of the cultures are sufficiently different to warrant the designation of Streptomyces braegensis, NRRL 12567 as a new streptomycete species. Therefore, the culture is designated Streptomyces braegensis sp. nov. (From braegen--Old English for brain. The spore clusters have a brain-like appearance when observed with the SEM.) Should another strain be found, it is understood that the new species, which is the type strain, should also be the type subspecies. This is in accordance with the Rules of Nomenclature of Bacteria [Lapage, S. P., P.H.A. Sneath, E. F. Lessel, V. B. D. Skerman, H. P. R. Seeliger, and W. A. Clark, ed. 1975. International code of nomenclature of bacteria, 1976 Revision. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.].

                                      TABLE 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Color Characteristics* on Ektachrome.sup.1,2                                           Deter-                                                                              S. braegensis                                                                              S. vinaceus-drappus                                           mina-                                                                              NRRL 12567   NRRL 2363                                             Agar Medium                                                                            tion                                                                               Chip                                                                               Color    Chip                                                                              Color                                              __________________________________________________________________________     Bennett's                                                                              S   7   pale pink                                                                               7  pale pink                                                  R   52  light orange                                                                            90 grayish yellow                                     Czapek's                                                                               S   233 pale gray                                                                               22 reddish gray                                       sucrose R   31  pale yellowish                                                                          31 pale yellowish                                                     pink        pink                                               Maltose-                                                                               S   233 pale gray                                                                               22 reddish gray                                       tryptone                                                                               R   52  light orange                                                                            90 grayish yellow                                     Peptone-                                                                               S   10  pinkish gray                                                                            10 pinkish gray                                       iron    R   87  moderate yellow                                                                         87 moderate yellow                                    0.1% Tyrosine                                                                          S   233 pale gray                                                                               8  grayish pink                                               R   31  pale yellowish                                                                          31 dark yellowish                                                     pink        pink                                               Casein starch                                                                          S   233 pale gray                                                                               22 reddish gray                                               R   31  pale yellowish                                                                          31 pale yellowish                                                     pink        pink                                               __________________________________________________________________________      S = Surface                                                                    R = Reverse                                                                    .sup.1 Dietz, A. 1954. Ektachrome transparencies as aids in actinomycete       classification. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 60:152-154.                               .sup.2 Dietz, A. and D. W. Thayer (ed.). 1980. Actinomycete Taxonomy           (Procedures for Studying Aerobic Actinomycetes with Emphasis on the            Streptomycetes). SIM Special Publication Number 6. Soc. for Ind.               Microbiol., Arlingtion, VA.                                                     *Growth on media in tubes was photographed after seven days incubation a      28° C. Color was determined by comparison with NBS color chips [SP      440. Color: Universal Language and Dictionary of Names. U.S. Government        Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.]; and [SRM 2106. ISCCNBS Centroi      Color Charts. Office of Standard Reference Material, Room B311, Chem.          Building, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234].         

                                      TABLE 2                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Reference Color Characteristics*                                                            S. braegensis                                                                              S. vinaceus-drappus                                           Deter-                                                                              NRRL 12567  (NRRL 2363)                                           Agar Medium                                                                            mination                                                                            Chip                                                                              Color    Chip                                                                              Color                                              __________________________________________________________________________     Bennett's                                                                              S    33 brownish pink                                                                           60 light grayish                                                                  brown                                                      R    53 moderate orange                                                                         71 moderate orange-                                                               yellow                                                     P    53 moderate orange                                                                         -- --                                                 Czapek's                                                                               S    79 light grayish                                                                           60 light grayish                                      sucrose         yellowish brown                                                                            brown                                                      R    52 light orange                                                                            73 pale orange                                                                    yellow                                                     P    33 light pink                                                                              -- --                                                 Maltose-                                                                               S    80 grayish yellow-                                                                         63 light brownish                                     tryptone        ish brown   gray                                                       R    53 moderate orange                                                                         70 light orange                                                                   yellow                                                     P    71 moderate orange                                                                         70 light orange                                                       yellow      yellow                                             Yeast extract-                                                                         S    33 brownish pink                                                                           60 light grayish                                      malt extract                brown                                              (ISP-2) R    53 moderate orange                                                                         71 moderate orange                                                                yellow                                                     P    53 moderate orange                                                                         -- --                                                 Oatmeal S    81 dark grayish                                                                            61 grayish brown                                      (ISP-3)         yellowish brown                                                        R    73 pale orange                                                                             58 moderate brown                                                     yellow                                                                 P    33 brownish pink                                                                           -- --                                                 Inorganic                                                                              S    65 brownish black                                                                          63 light grayish                                      salts starch                brown                                              (ISP-4) R    73 pale orange                                                                             73 pale orange                                                        yellow      yellow                                                     P    53 light orange                                                                            -- --                                                 Glycerol-                                                                              S    80 grayish yellow-                                                                         63 light grayish                                      asparagine      ish brown   brown                                              (ISP-5) R    52 light orange                                                                            70 light orange                                                                   yellow                                                     P    70 light orange                                                                            70 light orange                                                       yellow      yellow                                             __________________________________________________________________________      S = Surface                                                                    R = Reverse                                                                    P = Pigment                                                                    *Color determination was made on growth on plates incubated 14 days at         28° C. Color was determined by comparison with NBS color chips [SP      440, supra] and [SRM 2106, supra].                                       

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                         Growth on Carbon Compounds in the Synthetic Medium                             of Shirling and Gottlieb*                                                      Synthetic Medium                                                                             S. braegensis                                                                             S. vinaceus-drappus                                   (ISP-9)       NRRL 12567 (NRRL 2363)                                           ______________________________________                                         Negative Control                                                                             ±       -                                                     (No carbon cpd.)                                                               Positive Control                                                                             +          +                                                     (D-glucose)                                                                    L-arabinose   ±       ++                                                    Sucrose       ++         ++                                                    D-xylose      +          ++                                                    Inositol      ++         ++                                                    D-mannitol    ++         ++                                                    D-fructose    +          ++                                                    Rhamnose      -          ++                                                    Raffinose     ++         ++                                                    Cellulose     -          -                                                     ______________________________________                                          ++ = Strong utilization                                                        + = Positive utilization                                                       ± = Doubtful utilization                                                    - = No utilization                                                             *Shirling and Gottlieb, supra.                                           

                  TABLE 4                                                          ______________________________________                                         Culture Characteristics - General                                                     Deter-                                                                         mina-   S. braegensis  S. vinaceus-drappus                              Medium tion    NRRL 12567     (NRRL 2363)                                      ______________________________________                                         Agar                                                                           Peptone-                                                                              S       colorless vegetative                                                                          pale gray-pink                                   iron           growth                                                                 R       light yellow-tan                                                                              yellow-tan                                              P       --             --                                                      O       melanin-negative                                                                              melanin-negative                                 Calcium                                                                               S       very pale cream                                                                               pale gray-pink                                   malate R       cream          pale gray-yellow                                        P       --             --                                                      O       malate solubilized                                                                            malate not                                                      under growth   solubilized                                      Glucose-                                                                              S       cream-white    pale gray-pink                                   aspara-                                                                               R       cream          pale yellow                                      gine   P       --             --                                               Skim   S       colorless vegetative                                                                          colorless to pale tan                            milk           center         vegetative growth                                               trace cream on edge                                                    R       light yellow-tan-cream                                                                        orange                                                  P       yellow-tan     orange                                                  O       casein not solubilized                                                                        casein solubilized                               Tyrosine                                                                              S       pale cream-white                                                                              gray                                                    R       yellow         orange-tan                                              P       yellow         orange-tan                                              O       tyrosine solubilized                                                                          tyrosine solubilized                             Xanthine                                                                              S       pale cream-white                                                                              gray                                                    R       yellow         pale yellow-gray                                        P       yellow         pale yellow                                             O       xanthine solubilized                                                                          xanthine solubilized                                            under growth                                                    Nutrient                                                                              S       pale cream-white                                                                              gray                                             starch R       yellow         olive                                                   P       pale yellow    --                                                      O       starch not solubilized                                                                        starch not solubilized                           Yeast  S       pale gray cream                                                                               gray cream                                       extract-                                                                              R       pale maroon-tan                                                                               yellow-orange                                    malt   P       pale yellow-tan                                                                               pale yellow                                      extract                                                                        Peptone-                                                                              S       pale gray      colorless vegetative                             yeast                         growth                                           extract-                                                                              R       yellow         yellow-tan                                       iron   P       yellow         pale yellow-tan                                  (ISP-6)                                                                               O       melanin negative                                                                              melanin negative                                 Tyrosine                                                                              S       pale gray      pale gray                                        (ISP-7)                                                                               R       pale maroon    cream gray                                              P       --             --                                                      O       melanin negative                                                                              melanin negative                                 Broth                                                                          Synthetic                                                                             S       --             pale peach aerial on                             nitrate                       surface ring and                                                               pellicle                                                P       --             --                                                      O       compact bottom flocculent bottom                                               growth         growth                                                          nitrates not reduced                                                                          nitrates not reduced                             Nutrient                                                                              S       --             white aerial on                                                                surface pellicle                                        P       --             --                                                      O       compact bottom flocculent bottom                                               growth         growth                                                          nitrates not reduced                                                                          nitrates not reduced                             Litmus S       gray aerial on trace gray aerial on                             milk           surface ring   cream-tan surface                                                              ring                                                    P       --             lavender                                                O       no change      litmus reduced                                                                 slightly                                                        pH 6.52        pH 6.2                                           Gelatin                                                                        Plain  S       gray aerial    trace gray aerial                                       P       --             yellow-tan                                              O       no liquefaction                                                                               trace to no lique-                                                             faction                                          Nutrient                                                                              S       gray aerial    --                                                      P       --             tan                                                     O       no liquefaction                                                                               trace liquefaction                               ______________________________________                                          S = Surface (aerial growth unless otherwise noted)                             R = Reverse                                                                    P = Pigment                                                                    O = Other characteristics                                                

The compound of the invention process is produced when the elaborating organism is grown in an aqueous nutrient medium under submerged aerobic conditions. It is to be understood, also, that for the preparation of limited amounts surface cultures and bottles can be employed. The organism is grown in a nutrient medium containing a carbon source, for example, an assimilable carbohydrate, and a nitrogen source, for example, an assimilable nitrogen compound or proteinaceous material. Preferred carbon sources include glucose, brown sugar, sucrose, glycerol, starch, cornstarch, lactose, dextrin, molasses, and the like. Preferred nitrogen sources include cornsteep liquor, yeast, autolyzed brewer's yeast with milk solids, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, cornmeal, milk solids, pancreatic digest of casein, fish meal, distillers' solids, animal peptone liquors, meat and bone scraps, and the like. Combinations of these carbon and nitrogen sources can be used advantageously.

Production of the compound by the invention process can be effected at any temperature conducive to satisfactory growth of the microorganism, for example, between about 18° and 40° C., and preferably between about 20° and 28° C. Ordinarily, optimum production of the compound is obtained in about 2 to 15 days. The medium normally remains alkaline during the fermentation. The final pH is dependent, in part, on the buffers present, if any, and in part on the initial pH of the culture medium.

When growth is carried out in large vessels and tanks, it is preferable to use the vegetative form, rather than the spore form, of the microorganism for inoculation to avoid a pronounced lag in the production of the compound and the attendant inefficient utilization of the equipment. Accordingly, it is desirable to produce a vegetative inoculum in a nutrient broth culture by inoculating this broth culture with an aliquot from a soil, liquid N₂ agar plug, or a slant culture. When a young, active vegetative inoculum has thus been secured, it is transferred aseptically to large vessels or tanks. The medium in which the vegetative inoculum is produced can be the same as, or different from, that utilized for the production of the compound, so long as a good growth of the microorganism is obtained.

A variety of procedures can be employed in the isolation and purification of the compound produced by the subject invention from fermentation beers. Isolation can be accomplished by adsorption on non-ionic macroporous resins. Ultrafiltration, cellulose chromatography (gradient elution) and gel permeation chromatography on G-25 Sephadex can be used to purify crude preparations of the antibiotic.

In a preferred recovery process, the compound produced by the subject process is recovered from the culture medium by separation of the mycelia and undissolved solids by conventional means, such as by filtration or centrifugation, and resin adsorption of the filtered broth. The antibiotic of the subject invention can be recovered from the filtered beer by resin sorption on a resin comprising a non-ionic macroporous copolymer of styrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene. Suitable resins are Amberlite XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-7, according to the procedure disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,515,717. (Amberlite resins are available from Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, PA.) The antibiotic can be eluted from said resins by using acetone.

Resins other than XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-7 may be substituted. Charcoal can also be used. Extraction with a solvent like 1-butanol also can be used.

The eluting solvent from the resins will vary from resin to resin. In general, combinations of water and a water-miscible solvent such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, diethylformamide or diethylsulfoxide are useful. The amount of organic solvent will vary from 2 to 90% (v/v).

Purification of the antibiotic from the resin eluate can be done by the procedures listed above, i.e. ultrafiltration, cellulose chromatography,, and gel permeation chromatography.

The presence of an acidic hydroxyl (S) group on antibiotic U-64,864 allows for the preparation of base addition salts, e.g. metal salts, for example, sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium; and other salts, for example, ammonium and triethyl ammonium. These salts can be used for the same purposes as the parent antibiotic.

The following examples are illustrative of the process and product of the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting. All percentages are by weight and all solvent mixture proportions are by volume unless otherwise noted.

EXAMPLE 1

A. Fermentation

A biologically pure culture of Streptomyces braegensis Dietz sp.n. NRRL 12567, is used to inoculate 500-ml. Erlenmeyer pre-seed flasks containing 100 ml of sterile medium consisting of the following ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                                          g/liter                                                       ______________________________________                                         Black-strap molasses                                                                              4.0                                                         Dextrin            20.0                                                        Difco peptone      10.0                                                        Difco yeast extract                                                                               4.0                                                         Asparagine         0.2                                                         CoCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O                                                                             .001                                                        Tap water q.s. to 1 liter.                                                     ______________________________________                                    

pH adjusted to 7.2 with KOH before sterilization. Lard oil (1 ml/l) is added as an antifoaming agent.

The preseed inoculum is grown for three days at 28° C. on a Gump rotary shaker operating at 250 rpm and having a 21/2 inch stroke.

Preseed inoculum (300 ml), prepared as described above, is used to inoculate a 20 l seed tank containing 20 l of sterile medium as used above.

The inoculated seed medium is incubated at a temperature of 28° C. for 2 days with agitation at 350 rpm and air sparged in at 8 l/min with a back pressure of 8 psig.

Seed inoculum (5% seed), prepared as described above, is used to inoculate a 250 l fermentation tank containing 250 l. of the following sterile medium:

    ______________________________________                                                            g/liter                                                     ______________________________________                                         Black-strap molasses 10.0                                                      Corn Starch          25.0                                                      Dextrin              5.0                                                       Brewers yeast        2.0                                                       Kay soy (Supplied by Archer-                                                                        13.0                                                      Daniel Co.)                                                                    Cornsteep liquor     8.0                                                       KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4    3.0                                                       Mineral salt solution A*                                                                            1 ml/l                                                    Mineral salt solution B**                                                                           1 ml/l                                                    Lard oil             0.5 ml/l                                                  Tap water                                                                      ______________________________________                                    

pH adjusted to 7.2 with NH₄ OH before sterilization.

    ______________________________________                                         *Mineral Salt Solution A                                                                            g/100 ml                                                  ______________________________________                                         MgSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2 O                                                                               5.0                                                       MnSO.sub.4.H.sub.2 O 0.30                                                      FeSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2 O                                                                               1.0                                                       ZnSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2 O                                                                               0.30                                                      CoCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O                                                                               0.10                                                      Distilled Water (about 90 ml)                                                  ______________________________________                                    

Adjust pH to 2.0 with dilute sulfuric acid Add distilled water to make 100 ml

    ______________________________________                                         **Mineral Salt Solution B                                                                         g/100 ml                                                    ______________________________________                                         KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4  5.0                                                         KCl                10.0                                                        ______________________________________                                    

Use distilled water and make to volume. The inoculated fermentation medium is incubated at a temperature of 28° C. for 5 days with agitation at 250 rpm and air sparged in at 250 l/min.

A typical five-day fermentation has the following titers of antibiotic in the fermentation broth:

    ______________________________________                                                    Assay, S. pyogenes                                                  Day        (zone size in mm)                                                   ______________________________________                                         1          0                                                                   2          18                                                                  3          25                                                                  4          26                                                                  5          27.5                                                                ______________________________________                                    

The assay is a Streptococcus pyogenes disc agar plate diffusion assay using 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 5.0 as diluent.

B. Recovery

To whole beer (ca. 9 l) from a fermentation, as described above, is added 1 liter of diatomaceous earth (dicalite) at harvest pH 7.6. This slurry is filtered over a bed of Dicalite 4200 with suction. The cake is washed with 1 liter of deionized water to give 11.5 liters of combined filtrate-wash.

Assay: Filtered beer=23 mm (vs. S. pyogenes--zone size).

XAD-2 Sorption

The above filtrate-wash is passed over a column of XAD-2 resin which measures 6×70 cm. The column is washed with 4 liters of deionized water and eluted with 4 liters each of 10% acetone in water (v/v), followed by 4 l of 25% acetone in water. Two-liter fractions are collected.

There is no activity in the spent or the wash fractions. The first three fractions (6 liter eluate) are dark and give zones of 26, 26 and 24 mm. against S. pyogenes. The last 2 liter fraction gives a trace zone. Fractions 1-3 are pooled and stripped of acetone on a rotary evaporator. The aqueous can be lyophilized to give a solid preparation.

C. Purification

An aqueous concentrate, obtained as described above, is passed over a UM 10 ultrafilter until only 300 ml remain in the retentate (from 4.0 liters). The retentate is diluted to 2.0 liters and the filtration is repeated. Both UM10 filtrates are passed over a UM05 filter. The following table shows the results in sequence.

    ______________________________________                                                                 Total        Specific                                  Sample Volume   BU/ml   BU    Solids Activity                                  ______________________________________                                         UM10R  1.0    L     2     2,000 3.15 g   0.63 BU/mg                            UM05F  5.0    L     1     5,000 1.26 g   4.0  BU/mg                            UM05R  450.0  ml    20    9,000 5.5  g   1.64 BU/mg                            ______________________________________                                    

Each of the above samples gives a biozone at Rf 0.3 with 1:1 methanol:water on Analtech silica gel plates.

A BU (biounit) is defined as the concentration of the antibiotic which gives a 20 mm zone of inhibition in the agar diffusion assay when 100 λ are loaded onto a 12.7 mm pad.

PM 30 and UM 10 filters are two of a series of filter membranes made by the Amicon Corp. (Lexington, MA 02173). They belong to the Diaflo® series and are used with stirred cells, also made by Amicon.

Silica Gel Chromatography

The UM05F sample above (1.26 g) is slurried in 25 ml of 1:1 methanol:water. About 10 g of silica gel is added and the solvents removed on a rotary evaporator. The dry sample-silica gel mixture is used to replace an equal amount of silica gel atop a 2.5×100 cm silica gel column which had been slurry-packed with 2:1 methanol:water (V/V). The LKB Ultrograd is used to generate a 16 hr gradient from 2:1 to 1:4 methanol:water. The tubes are assayed with S. pyogenes and scanned in the UV from 350-200 nm. Tubes 115-150 are pooled on the basis of peak activity and absorbency at 290 nm (25 ml/tube). This is concentrated to give 330 mg of solids. This is freed of silica gel with XAD-2 sorption-desorption to give 166 mg of essentially pure antibiotic U-64,846. 

We claim:
 1. Antibiotic U-64,846, which is active against Gram-positive bacteria, and which in its essentially pure form has the following characteristics:(a) molecular weight of 486 (mass spectrometry); (b) color and form of pure solid: white (c) is highly soluble in 1:1 water:methanol and in glacial acetic acid and in water alone; (d) a characteristic ¹³ C-NMR spectrum as shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings; (e) a characteristic UV spectrum as shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings; (f) a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum when dissolved in a mineral oil mull is shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings; (g) has a molecular formula C₁₈ H₃₅ ClN₄ O₉ ; and (h) a melting point of 350° C. with decomposition.
 2. A process for preparing antibiotic U-64,846, as defined in claim 1 which comprises cultivating Streptomyces braegensis Dietz sp.n., having the identifying characteristics of NRRL 12567, in an aqueous nutrient medium under aerobic conditions until substantial antibiotic U-64,846 activity is imparted to said medium.
 3. A process, according to claim 2, wherein said aqueous nutrient medium contains a source of assimilable carbohydrate and assimilable nitrogen.
 4. A process according to claim 2, wherein said medium is processed as follows:(a) filtering said medium to obtain filtered medium containing antibiotic U-64,846; (b) adsorbing antibiotic U-64,846 from said filtered medium by passing said filtered medium through a non-ionic macroporous resin; (c) eluting antibiotic U-64,846 from said resin with a solvent for antibiotic U-64,846 comprising combinations of water and a water-miscible solvent in an amount from 2 to 90% (v/v) to obtain an eluate containing antibiotic U-64,846; and (d) purifying said eluate by chromatographic means to obtain essentially pure antibiotic U-64,846. 